In 1963, after the Second Vatican Council authorized vernacular mass settings, Ramírez created his widely popular Misa Criolla on a Spanish translation of the traditional liturgical text, including folkloric interpolations such as the "lara, lara" passage in the Credo. He has composed over 400 songs in popular styles, some of which have been recorded by artists such as the tenors Plácido Domingo, José Carreras, and José Cura. When Ramírez returned to Argentina, he started collecting Andean folk songs, many of which he subsequently published and recorded. He studied folk traditions formally at the Academy of Vienna and the Institute of Hispanic Culture in Madrid in the early 1950s. There he became fascinated with the music of the Indians, gauchos, and creoles, which has since been the inspiration for most of his music. Born in Santa Fé on the Rio Paraná north of Buenos Aires, Ariel Ramírez began teaching in a rural mountain post when he was 19.
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